Indian film industry is one of the oldest film industries in the world. Though first publicity of films in India was done in 1896 through the newspaper The Times of India, it was in 1913 that first Hindi film Raja Harischandra was screened. Alam Ara was the first talkie screened in 1931. Since then Indian…
Cassette culture refers to the large-scale production and distribution of recorded music through audio cassettes. It became a trend from 1970s onwards when improvements in tape quality and sophisticated technology led to massive production of cheap cassettes. Now music could be produced, reproduced numerous times which made the availability of music to people very easy….
Folk culture refers to the local tradition-oriented form of culture. Earlier folk culture was understood as largely representative of the traditions and customs of rural groups. But now it is recognized to represent both rural and urban constituents. Another facet of folk culture is that it is largely associated with a place. It means that…
The tribal culture refers to the culture of any tribe. There are many tribes in India which have their own distinct culture. The current tribal population of India is approximately 20 million. It clearly shows the range of variations in their culture. However, there are certain commonalties which can be discerned across tribes. For instance,…
Cultural pluralism in a society refers to a pattern or set-up wherein people of different faiths, religions, languages etc. live together. R. K. Chaudhary in his article ‘Society and Culture: Plurality of Culture in India’ writes that “plural culture means the co-existence of several sub- cultures within a given society on equal terms. In such…
David Emile Durkheim (1858 – 1917) was one of the founding fathers of modern sociology. He is credited for developing insightful theories related to the structure of society, the relationship between the individual and society, and the development of societies from simple to complex. In the context of study of social life in modern societies,…
Karl Heinrich Marx (1818 – 1883) was one of the most influential socialist thinkers of the nineteenth century. He applied critical methods to the study of social sciences. According to Marx, culture in industrial society operates as a dominant ideology. He connected culture to power and economic life in systematic ways. Culture, or ruling ideas…
Environment is taken as the surroundings or conditions in which various species (humans, animals and plants) exist and function. We know that history and geography mutually influence each other. In other words, History without Geography is incomplete, and cannot be explained in terms of spatial developments. The term ‘nature’ and ‘environment’ are largely seen as…
Region is a concept both familiar and useful to fields of knowledge ranging across the arts and social sciences. Distinctive resource endowments, climatic features, and plant and animal life along with the widespread patterns of human occupation, all differentiate the earth’s surface. This differentiation is the basis for identifying and naming regions. In other words,…