What are the four dimensions of social mobility?

Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals or families to move up or down the socioeconomic ladder within a society or community. It is a measure of the degree to which the socioeconomic status of one generation differs from that of the previous generation. Lipset and Zetterberg have given the following dimensions of social mobility:

1. Occupational Ranking

Persons engaged in comparatively less prestigious occupations strive to move towards occupations comprising greater prestige and social distinction. Entry of a skilled worker in the white collared jobs or occupations is called occupational mobility.

2. Power Ranking

The role relationship of the persons with reference to society determines their power ranking. Persons of the same power impact form a power group. These power groups are independent. Even a poor labour leader can achieve greater political power and influence.

3. Consumption Ranking

Economic status is ascertained according to expenditure whereas business status is ranked according to income. As the expenditure is directly related to styles and habits of living, hence people having the same or similar living styles and habits of life are known as the same consumer group of society. It is generally observed that life of persons of the same occupation have different modes of social life. Social status or social prestige is determined not merely by income but also by expenditure and styles of living..

4. Social Class

People from elite sections of society do not associate with persons of inferior social status. The social status and social class of a person can only be ascertained by the social status and prestige group of his companions and friends.

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